openvpn

Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

Link zu dieser Vergleichsansicht

Beide Seiten der vorigen Revision Vorhergehende Überarbeitung
Nächste Überarbeitung		 Vorhergehende Überarbeitung
openvpn [23/08/2017 - 15:05] – [Inhalte kontrollieren] thommieopenvpn [05/03/2024 - 10:52] (aktuell) – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
 +https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/GettingStartedwithOVPN
 +
 ====== Server-Konfiguration ====== ====== Server-Konfiguration ======
  
-**–verify-x509-name name type** Accept connections only if a host's X.509 name is equal to **name.** The remote host must also pass all other tests of verification.+''sources for configuration: # [[http://sarwiki.informatik.hu-berlin.de/OpenVPN_|http://sarwiki.informatik.hu-berlin.de/OpenVPN_]](deutsch) # [[http://www.online--tutorials.net/security/openvpn-tutorial/|http://www.online--tutorials.net/security/openvpn-tutorial/]] ''
  
-Which X.509 name is compared to **name** depends on the setting of type. **type** can be "subject" to match the complete subject DN (default), "name" to match a subject RDN or "name-prefix" to match a subject RDN prefix. Which RDN is verified as name depends on the **–x509-username-field** option. But it defaults to the common name (CN), e.g. a certificate with a subject DN "C=KG, ST=NA, L=Bishkek, CN=Server-1" would be matched by:+''### BASICS ''
  
-**–verify-x509-name 'C=KG, ST=NA, L=Bishkek, CN=Server-1'** and **–verify-x509-name Server-1 name** or you could use **–verify-x509-name Server- name-prefix** if you want a client to only accept connections to "Server-1", "Server-2", etc.+''mode server ''
  
-**–verify-x509-name** is a useful replacement for the **–tls-verify** option to verify the remote host, because **–verify-x509-name** works in a **–chroot** environment without any dependencies.+''# bridged vpn with client IP range ''
  
-Using a name prefix is a useful alternative to managing a CRL (Certificate Revocation List) on the client, since it allows the client to refuse all certificates except for those associated with designated servers.+''server-bridge 192.168.72.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.72.61 192.168.72.100 ''
  
-**NOTE:** Test against a name prefix only when you are using OpenVPN with a custom CA certificate that is under your control. Never use this option with type "name-prefix" when your client certificates are signed by a third party, such as a commercial web CA +''# Protocol/port proto udp port 1194 ### Type of operation ''
-====== Management Console ======+
  
-Die Management Konsole läuft auf localhost und ist über P. 7505 erreichbar.+''# operation with PKI tls-server ''
  
-<code> +''# instead for using a symmetric key ''
- root@server6:/etc/openvpn/staticclients# telnet localhost 7505 +
-</code>+
  
-Beenden mit quit.+''secret /etc/openvpn/server_static.key ''
  
-<code> +''# for vpn with shared key ''
-INFO:OpenVPN Management Interface Version 1 -- type 'help' for more info +
-help +
-Management Interface for OpenVPN 2.3.10 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [IPv6] built on Feb  2 2016 +
-Commands: +
-auth-retry t           : Auth failure retry mode (none,interact,nointeract). +
-bytecount n            : Show bytes in/out, update every n secs (0=off). +
-echo [on|off] [N|all]  : Like log, but only show messages in echo buffer. +
-exit|quit              : Close management session. +
-forget-passwords       : Forget passwords entered so far. +
-help                   : Print this message. +
-hold [on|off|release]  : Set/show hold flag to on/off state, or +
-                         release current hold and start tunnel. +
-kill cn                : Kill the client instance(s) having common name cn. +
-kill IP:port           : Kill the client instance connecting from IP:port. +
-load-stats             : Show glsobal server load stats. +
-log [on|off] [N|all]   : Turn on/off realtime log display +
-                         + show last N lines or 'all' for entire history. +
-mute [n]               : Set log mute level to n, or show level if n is absent. +
-needok type action     : Enter confirmation for NEED-OK request of 'type', +
-                         where action = 'ok' or 'cancel'. +
-needstr type action    : Enter confirmation for NEED-STR request of 'type', +
-                         where action is reply string. +
-net                    : (Windows only) Show network info and routing table. +
-password type p        : Enter password p for a queried OpenVPN password. +
-remote type [host port] : Override remote directive, type=ACCEPT|MOD|SKIP. +
-proxy type [host port flags] : Enter dynamic proxy server info. +
-pid                    : Show process ID of the current OpenVPN process. +
-pkcs11-id-count        : Get number of available PKCS#11 identities. +
-pkcs11-id-get index    : Get PKCS#11 identity at index. +
-client-auth CID KID    : Authenticate client-id/key-id CID/KID (MULTILINE) +
-client-auth-nt CID KID : Authenticate client-id/key-id CID/KID +
-client-deny CID KID R [CR] : Deny auth client-id/key-id CID/KID with log reason +
-                             text R and optional client reason text CR +
-client-kill CID [M]    : Kill client instance CID with message M (def=RESTART) +
-env-filter [level]     : Set env-var filter level +
-client-pf CID          : Define packet filter for client CID (MULTILINE) +
-rsa-sig                : Enter an RSA signature in response to>RSA_SIGN challenge +
-                         Enter signature base64 on subsequent lines followed by END +
-signal s               : Send signal s to daemon, +
-                         s = SIGHUP|SIGTERM|SIGUSR1|SIGUSR2. +
-state [on|off] [N|all] : Like log, but show state history. +
-status [n]             : Show current daemon status info using format #n. +
-test n                 : Produce n lines of output for testing/debugging. +
-username type u        : Enter username u for a queried OpenVPN username. +
-verb [n]               : Set log verbosity level to n, or show if n is absent. +
-version                : Show current version number. +
-</code>+
  
-====== Debugging auf OpenVPN Client Seite (Linux) ======+''tls-auth xxx 1 # Device type dev tap0 ''
  
-<code> +''# receive connection request on this local adress only '' \\ 
- journalctl -fu NetworkManager +''# if not defined, use all interfaces ''
-</code>+
  
-====== Client IPs fest zuweisen ======+''local 192.168.172.1 ''
  
-In die *.conf kommt eine neue Direktive:+''# topology and network topology\\ 
 +subnet ''
  
-<code> +''# make IPs persistant\\ 
- client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/staticclients +ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt ''
-</code>+
  
-In diesem Verzeichnis für jeden Client einen Datei openvpn_dvsdnet_[name] legen. Diese enthält die IP Adresse und die Netzmaske des Clients:+''# clients can see each other\\ 
 +client-to-client ''
  
-<code> +''# see [[http://winaero.com/blog/speed-up-openvpn-and-get-faster-speed-over-its-channel/|http://winaero.com/blog/speed-up-openvpn-and-get-faster-speed-over-its-channel/]]\\ 
- ifconfig-push 192.168.50.16 255.255.255.0 +sndbuf 393216\\ 
-</code>+rcvbuf 393216 ''
  
-OpenVPN liest diese Datei beim Connect zusätzlich ein, aber DNS und Gateway kommen weiterhin über die zentralen push Kommandos. Ggf kann man auch ein Client-spezifisches Push anhängen, siehe dazu [[http://michlstechblog.info/blog/openvpn-set-a-static-ip-address-for-a-client/|http://michlstechblog.info/blog/openvpn-set-a-static-ip-address-for-a-client/]]+''## PKI - certificates and keys, directory of cert/key\\ 
 +cd /etc/openvpn ''
  
-Quelle: [[https://github.com/OpenVPN/easy-rsa|https://github.com/OpenVPN/easy-rsa]]+''## Root CA which signed openvpn server and client certs\\ 
 +ca /etc/easyrsa-pki/ca.crt\\ 
 +## cert of openvpn server\\ 
 +cert /etc/openvpn/locutus.netzwissen.local.crt '' \\ 
 +''## key of server\\ 
 +key /etc/openvpn/locutus.netzwissen.local.key\\ 
 +# diffie hellman parameter\\ 
 +# create with: openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out /etc/openvpn/dh2014.pem\\ 
 +dh /etc/easyrsa-pki/dh.pem ''
  
-====== EASYRSA: CA einrichten ======+''# certificate revocation list, should be copied from CA\\ 
 +crl-verify /etc/openvpn/crl.pem ''
  
-<code > +''# Verification of certs\\ 
-./easyrsa init-pki +# Details: [[https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/Openvpn23ManPage|https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/Openvpn23ManPage]]\\ 
-./easyrsa build-ca +# old method (Name/name-prefix from CN field)\\ 
-</code>+# verify-x509-name locutus.netzwissen.local name ''
  
-DH erzeugen+''# new method from RFC3280: type of certificate must be client\\ 
 +remote-cert-eku "TLS Web Client Authentication" ''
  
-<code > +''# Cipher algorithm\\ 
- ./easyrsa gen-dh +cipher AES-256-CBC\\ 
-</code>+# HMAC Authentication\\ 
 +auth SHA256 ''
  
 +''# tunnel compression\\
 +comp-lzo ''
  
-====== Zertifikate erzeugen ======+''# hardening. Beware: can exclude pre-2.3.3 clients\\ 
 +# tls-version-min 1.2 ''
  
-Signing Request (CSR) erzeugen, mit **nopass** = Key **ohne** Passwort +''## pushed configs for clients for routing & dns\\ 
-<code > +## redirect all traffic to VPN\\ 
-./easyrsa gen-req EntityName+## push "redirect-gateway def1" push "route 192.168.72.0 255.255.255.0 172.168.72.1"\\ 
 +push "dhcp-option DOMAIN netzwissen.local"\\ 
 +push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.72.1"\\ 
 +push "dhcp-option WINS 192.168.72.1" ''
  
-./easyrsa gen-req EntityName nopass +''# [[http://winaero.com/blog/speed-up-openvpn-and-get-faster-speed-over-its-channel/|http://winaero.com/blog/speed-up-openvpn-and-get-faster-speed-over-its-channel/]]\\ 
-</code>+push "sndbuf 393216"\\ 
 +push "rcvbuf 393216" ''
  
-danach signieren mit+''# will not work with –ifconfig-pool-persist\\ 
 +# duplicate-cn # permissions after connect\\ 
 +user nobody\\ 
 +group nogroup ''
  
-<code > +''# dont re-read keys after –ping-restart\\ 
-./easyrsa sign-req server EntityName+persist-key ''
  
-./easyrsa sign-req client EntityName +''# dont restart tun after –ping-restart\\ 
-</code>+persist-tun ''
  
-//server// und //client// bestimmt, ob es ein Server oder Client Zertifikat ist. +''### LOGGING\\ 
-====== Zertifikate zurückziehen ======+log /var/log/openvpn.log ''
  
-<code > +''# Status info\\ 
-./easyrsa revoke server EntityName +status /var/log/openvpn-status.log 20\\ 
-</code>+\\ 
 +# dont repeat messages so often\\ 
 +mute 20 ''
  
-Danachmit easyrsa gen-crl die zurückgezogenen zertifikate in die crl aufnehmen.+''# Log-Levels: 0 no logging, 4 standard, 5 + 6 debugging, 9 max\\ 
 +verb 6 ''
  
-pki/index.txt zeigt, welche Zertifikate zurückkgezogen wurden.+''# Daemon-Mode: write to syslog - activate after the configuration finished\\ 
 +daemon ''
  
 +''# Management console\\
 +management localhost 7505 ''
  
-===== Achtung bei OpenVPN ===== 
  
-Common Name für das Server Zertifikat und die Client Zertifikate muss den Präfix aus der Server Config enthalten, Beispiel:+====== Management Console ======
  
-<code> +Die Management Konsole läuft auf localhost und ist über P. 7505 erreichbar.
---verify-x509-name openvpn name-prefix +
-</code>+
  
-**Easyrsa3** +''root@server6:/etc/openvpn/staticclients# telnet localhost 7505 ''
-<code> +
-locutus:~/easy-rsa/easyrsa3 # ./easyrsa sign-req server openvpn.locutus.netzwissen.local+
  
-You are about to sign the following certificate. +Beenden mit quit.
-Please check over the details shown below for accuracy. Note that this request +
-has not been cryptographically verified. Please be sure it came from a trusted +
-source or that you have verified the request checksum with the sender.+
  
-Request subject, to be signed as a server certificate for 3650 days:+'' INFO:OpenVPN Management Interface Version 1 -- type 'help' for more info help Management Interface for OpenVPN 2.3.10 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [IPv6] built on Feb 2 2016 Commands: auth-retry t : Auth failure retry mode (none,interact,nointeract). bytecount n : Show bytes in/out, update every n secs (0=off). echo [on|off] [N|all] : Like log, but only show messages in echo buffer. exit|quit : Close management session. forget-passwords : Forget passwords entered so far. help : Print this message. hold [on|off|release] : Set/show hold flag to on/off state, or release current hold and start tunnel. kill cn : Kill the client instance(s) having common name cn. kill IP:port : Kill the client instance connecting from IP:port. load-stats : Show glsobal server load stats. log [on|off] [N|all] : Turn on/off realtime log display + show last N lines or 'all' for entire history. mute [n] : Set log mute level to n, or show level if n is absent. needok type action : Enter confirmation for NEED-OK request of 'type', where action = 'ok' or 'cancel'. needstr type action : Enter confirmation for NEED-STR request of 'type', where action is reply string. net : (Windows only) Show network info and routing table. password type p : Enter password p for a queried OpenVPN password. remote type [host port] : Override remote directive, type=ACCEPT|MOD|SKIP. proxy type [host port flags] : Enter dynamic proxy server info. pid : Show process ID of the current OpenVPN process. pkcs11-id-count : Get number of available PKCS#11 identities. pkcs11-id-get index : Get PKCS#11 identity at index. client-auth CID KID : Authenticate client-id/key-id CID/KID (MULTILINE) client-auth-nt CID KID : Authenticate client-id/key-id CID/KID client-deny CID KID R [CR] : Deny auth client-id/key-id CID/KID with log reason text R and optional client reason text CR client-kill CID [M] : Kill client instance CID with message M (def=RESTART) env-filter [level] : Set env-var filter level client-pf CID : Define packet filter for client CID (MULTILINE) rsa-sig : Enter an RSA signature in response to >RSA_SIGN challenge Enter signature base64 on subsequent lines followed by END signal s : Send signal s to daemon, s = SIGHUP|SIGTERM|SIGUSR1|SIGUSR2. state [on|off] [N|all] : Like log, but show state history. status [n] : Show current daemon status info using format #n. test n : Produce n lines of output for testing/debugging. username type u : Enter username u for a queried OpenVPN username. verb [n] : Set log verbosity level to n, or show if n is absent. version : Show current version number. '' 
 +====== Debugging auf OpenVPN Client Seite (Linux) ======
  
-subject= +''journalctl -fu NetworkManager '' 
-    commonName                = openvpn.locutus.netzwissen.local +====== Client IPs fest zuweisen ======
-</code>+
  
-Signieren (client oder server)+In die *.conf kommt eine neue Direktive:
  
-<code> +''client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/staticclients ''
-./easyrsa sign-req client EntityName +
-</code>+
  
-<code> +In diesem Verzeichnis für jeden Client einen Datei openvpn_dvsdnet_[name] legen. Diese enthält die IP Adresse und die Netzmaske des Clients:
-./easyrsa sign-req server EntityName +
-</code>+
  
-Zurückziehen+'' ifconfig-push 192.168.50.16 255.255.255.0 ''
  
-<code> +OpenVPN liest diese Datei beim Connect zusätzlich ein, aber DNS und Gateway kommen weiterhin über die zentralen push Kommandos. Ggf kann man auch ein Client-spezifisches Push anhängen, siehe dazu [[http://michlstechblog.info/blog/openvpn-set-a-static-ip-address-for-a-client/|http://michlstechblog.info/blog/openvpn-set-a-static-ip-address-for-a-client/]]
-  ./easyrsa revoke EntityName +
-</code>+
  
-CRL erzeugen+Quelle: [[https://github.com/OpenVPN/easy-rsa|https://github.com/OpenVPN/easy-rsa]]
  
-<code> +====== EASYRSA: CA einrichten ======
-  ./easyrsa gen-crl +
-</code>+
  
-Zertifikats Inhalte anzeigen+''./easyrsa init-pki ./easyrsa build-ca ''
  
-<code> +DH erzeugen
-  ./easyrsa show-req EntityName +
-  ./easyrsa show-cert EntityName +
-</code>+
  
-Key Passwörter ändern+'' ./easyrsa gen-dh '' 
 +====== EASYRSA: Zertifikate erzeugen ======
  
-<code> +Signing Request (CSR) erzeugen, mit **nopass** = Key **ohne** Passwort
-  ./easyrsa set-rsa-pass EntityName +
-  ./easyrsa set-ec-pass EntityName +
-</code>+
  
-Mit "nopass" wird ein Passwort entfernt+ ''./easyrsa gen-req EntityName ./easyrsa gen-req EntityName nopass '' 
 + 
 +danach signieren mit 
 + 
 +'' ./easyrsa sign-req server EntityName ./easyrsa sign-req client EntityName '' 
 + 
 +//server// und //client// bestimmt, ob es ein Server oder Client Zertifikat ist. 
 + 
 +**Achtung bei OpenVPN**: der Client sollte den im OpenVPN Zertifikat angegebenen Common Name prüfen. Server prüft seinerseits den Zertifikatstyp des Clients (RFC3280): 
 + 
 + '' # Verification of certs # Details: https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/Openvpn23ManPage # old method (Name/name-prefix from CN field) # verify-x509-name locutus.netzwissen.local name # new method from RFC3280: type of certificate must be client remote-cert-eku "TLS Web Client Authentication" '' 
 +====== EASYRSA: Zertifikate zurückziehen ====== 
 + 
 +''./easyrsa revoke server EntityName '' 
 + 
 +Danach mit easyrsa gen-crl die zurückgezogenen zertifikate in die crl aufnehmen. 
 + 
 +pki/index.txt zeigt, welche Zertifikate zurückkgezogen wurden. 
 + 
 +=====   =====
  
 ====== Inhalte kontrollieren ====== ====== Inhalte kontrollieren ======
 +
 +**Zertifikat**
 +
 + ''openssl x509 -in pki/issued/openvpn.dvsdnet.local.crt -text -noout ''
  
 **CSR** **CSR**
-<code > 
-openssl req -in www2.netzwissen.de.csr -text -noout 
-</code> 
  
-**Zertifikat** +''openssl req -in www2.netzwissen.de.csr -text -noout ''
-<code > +
-openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -text -noout +
-</code>+
  
  
  • openvpn.txt
  • Zuletzt geändert: 05/03/2024 - 10:52
  • von 127.0.0.1